Intermediate Grammar中級

[Verb passive form] + られる/れる

The passive form expresses that the subject receives an action. In Japanese, it can also express an inconvenience caused by someone else's action (suffering passive).

[Verb causative form] + させる/せる

The causative form means 'to make/let someone do something.' It expresses causing or allowing an action.

[Verb ば-form]

The ば conditional expresses 'if' — a general or hypothetical condition. It focuses on the condition itself.

[Past form] + ら

〜たら is a versatile conditional meaning 'if' or 'when.' It is formed by adding ら to the past tense. It implies the condition will be completed before the result.

[Verb potential form]

The potential form expresses ability — 'can do' or 'be able to do.' The object typically takes が instead of を.

[Verb て-form] + いる

〜ている expresses an ongoing action (progressive) or a resulting state. It is one of the most frequently used grammar patterns.

[Verb dictionary/nai form] + ようになる

〜ようになる describes a change in state or ability over time. It means 'to come to do' or 'to become able to.'

[Clause A] のに [Clause B]

のに expresses contrast or unexpected result — 'although,' 'despite,' or 'even though.' It often carries a sense of disappointment or surprise.